A. Lamecki, L. Balewski, M. Mrozowski [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
An Efficient Framework For Fast Computer Aided Design of Microwave Circuits Based on the Higher-Order 3D Finite-Element Method

In this paper, an efficient computational framework for the full-wave design by optimization of complex microwave passive devices, such as antennas, filters, and multiplexers, is described. The framework consists of a computational engine, a 3D object modeler, and a graphical user interface. The computational engine, which is based on a finite element method with curvilinear higher-order tetrahedral elements, is coupled with built-in or external gradient-based optimization procedures. For speed, a model order reduction technique is used and the gradient computation is achieved by perturbation with geometry deformation, processed on the level of the individual mesh nodes. To maximize performance, the framework is targeted to multicore CPU architectures and its extended version can also use multiple GPUs. To illustrate the accuracy and high efficiency of the framework, we provide examples of simulations of a dielectric resonator antenna and full-wave design by optimization of two diplexers involving tens of unknowns, and show that the design can be completed within the duration of a few simulations using industry-standard FEM solvers. The accuracy of the design is confirmed by measurements.

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18. FOTYGA, G., NYKA, K., MROZOWSKI, M. Multilevel model order reduction with generalized compression of boundaries for 3- D FEM electromagnetic analysis. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 2013, vol. 139, p. 743 - 759.
19. DZIEKONSKI, A., SYPEK, P., LAMECKI, A., MROZOWSKI, M. Finite element matrix generation on a GPU. Progress in Electromagnetics Research, 2012, vol. 128, p. 249 - 265.
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Keywords: EM, computational electromagnetics, microwave filters, multiplexer design, CAD, electromagnetic optimization

T. Stefański, S. Orłowski, B. Reichel [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Parallel Implementation of the Discrete Green's Function Formulation of the FDTD Method on a Multicore Central Processing Unit

Parallel implementation of the discrete Green's function formulation of the finite-difference time-domain (DGF-FDTD) method was developed on a multicore central processing unit. DGF-FDTD avoids computations of the electromagnetic field in free-space cells and does not require domain termination by absorbing boundary conditions. Computed DGF-FDTD solutions are compatible with the FDTD grid enabling the perfect hybridization of FDTD with the use of time-domain integral equation methods. The developed implementation can be applied to simulations of antenna characteristics. For the sake of example, arrays of Yagi-Uda antennas were simulated with the use of parallel DGF-FDTD. The efficiency of parallel computations was investigated as a function of the number of current elements in the FDTD grid. Although the developed method does not apply the fast Fourier transform for convolution computations, advantages stemming from the application of DGF-FDTD instead of FDTD can be demonstrated for one-dimensional wire antennas when simulation results are post-processed by the near-to-far-field transformation.

1. TAFLOVE, A., HAGNESS, S. C. Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, 3rd ed. Boston (USA): Artech House, 2005.
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5. JENG, S.-K. An analytical expression for 3-D dyadic FDTDcompatible Green’s function in infinite free space via z-transform and partial difference operators. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2011, vol. 59, no. 4, p. 1347 - 1355.
6. MA, W., RAYNER, M. R., PARINI, C. G. Discrete Green’s function formulation of the FDTD method and its application in antenna modeling. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2005, vol. 53, no. 1, p. 339 - 346.
7. HOLTZMAN, R., KASTNER, R., HEYMAN, E., ZIOLKOWSKI, R. W. Ultra-wideband cylindrical antenna design using the Green’s function method (GFM) as an absorbing boundary condition (ABC) and the radiated field propagator in a genetic optimization. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2006, vol. 48, no. 2, p. 348 - 354.
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9. MIRHADI, S., SOLEIMANI, M., ABDOLALI, A. UWB antennas analysis using FDTD-based discrete Green’s function approach. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2013, vol. 12, p. 1089 - 1093.
10. STEFANSKI, T. P. Hybrid technique combining the FDTD method ´ and its convolution formulation based on the discrete Green’s function. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2013, vol. 12, p. 1448 - 1451.
11. STEFANSKI, T. P. Application of the discrete Green’s function- ´ based antenna simulations for excitation of the total-field/scattered- field interface in the FDTD method. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2014, vol. 56, no. 8, p. 1949 - 1953.
12. DE HON, B. P., ARNOLD, J. M. Stable FDTD on disjoint domains - a discrete Green’s function diakoptics approach. Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. Edinburgh (UK), 2007, p. 1 - 6.
13. BENKLER, S., CHAVANNES, N., KUSTER, N. Novel FDTD Huygens source enables highly complex simulation scenarios on ordinary PCs. Proceedings of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Charleston (SC, USA), 2009, p. 1 - 4.
14. STEFANSKI, T. P. Fast implementation of FDTD-compatible ´ Green’s function on multicore processor. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2012, vol. 11, p. 81 - 84.
15. STEFANSKI, T. P., KRZY ´ ZANOWSKA, K. Implementation of ˙ FDTD-compatible Green’s function on graphics processing unit. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2012, vol. 11, p. 1422 - 1425.
16. STEFANSKI, T. P. Implementation of FDTD-compatible Green’s ´ function on heterogeneous CPU-GPU parallel processing system. Progress In Electromagnetics Research, 2013, vol. 135, p. 297 - 316.
17. STEFANSKI, T. P. Accuracy of the discrete Green’s function for- ´ mulation of the FDTD method. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, vol. 61, no. 2, p. 829 - 835.
18. WATANABE, S., TAKI, M. An improved FDTD model for the feeding gap of a thin-wire antenna. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, 1998, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 152 - 154.
19. ORŁOWSKI, S., STEFANSKI, T. P. Development of graphical ´ user interface for modern FDTD simulation tool. In Proceedings of the Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium. Stockholm (Sweden), 2013, p. 1210 - 1214.
20. MARTIN, T. An improved near- to far-zone transformation for the finite-difference time-domain method. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1998, vol. 46, no. 9, p. 1263 - 1271.

Keywords: Computational electromagnetics, discrete Green's function (DGF), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, parallel processing.

A. Iqbal, V. Jeoti [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
An Improved Split-Step Wavelet Transform Method for Anomalous Radio Wave Propagation Modelling

Anomalous tropospheric propagation caused by ducting phenomenon is a major problem in wireless communication. Thus, it is important to study the behavior of radio wave propagation in tropospheric ducts. The Parabolic Wave Equation (PWE) method is considered most reliable to model anomalous radio wave propagation. In this work, an improved Split Step Wavelet transform Method (SSWM) is presented to solve PWE for the modeling of tropospheric propagation over finite and infinite conductive surfaces. A large number of numerical experiments are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Developed algorithm is compared with previously published techniques; Wavelet Galerkin Method (WGM) and Split-Step Fourier transform Method (SSFM). A very good agreement is found between SSWM and published techniques. It is also observed that the proposed algorithm is about 18 times faster than WGM and provide more details of propagation effects as compared to SSFM.

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Keywords: Radio wave propagation, parabolic equation method, Split Step Fourier transform, split step wavelet transform, wavelet Galerkin, tropospheric duct

G. Akinci, A. E. Yilmaz, M. Kuzuoglu [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Excessive Memory Usage of the ELLPACK Sparse Matrix Storage Scheme throughout the Finite Element Computations

Sparse matrices are occasionally encountered during solution of various problems by means of numerical methods, particularly the finite element method. ELLPACK sparse matrix storage scheme, one of the most widely used methods due to its implementation ease, is investigated in this study. The scheme uses excessive memory due to its definition. For the conventional finite element method, where the node elements are used, the excessive memory caused by redundant entries in the ELLPACK sparse matrix storage scheme becomes negligible for large scale problems. On the other hand, our analyses show that the redundancy is still considerable for the occasions where facet or edge elements have to be used.

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Keywords: Finite element method, sparse matrix, edge elements, computational electromagnetics, ELLPACK

C. Onol, O. Ergul [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Optimizations of Patch Antenna Arrays Using Genetic Algorithms Supported by the Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm

We present optimizations of patch antenna arrays using genetic algorithms and highly accurate full-wave solutions of the corresponding radiation problems with the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). Arrays of finite extent are analyzed by using MLFMA, which accounts for all mutual couplings between array elements efficiently and accurately. Using the superposition principle, the number of solutions required for the optimization of an array is reduced to the number of array elements, without resorting to any periodicity and similarity assumptions. Based on numerical experiments, genetic optimizations are improved by considering alternative mutation, crossover, and elitism mechanisms. We show that the developed optimization environment based on genetic algorithms and MLFMA provides efficient and effective optimizations of antenna excitations, which cannot be obtained with array-factor approaches, even for relatively simple arrays with identical elements.

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5. BEVELACQUA, P. J., BALANIS, C. A. Geometry and weight optimization for minimizing sidelobes in wideband planar arrays. IEEE Transactions Antennas Propagation, 2009, vol. 57, no. 4, p. 1285 - 1289.
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14. CHEW, W. C., JIN, J.-M., MICHIELSSEN, E., SONG, J. Fast and Efficient Algorithms in Computational Electromagnetics. Boston: Artech House, 2001.
15. ERGUL, ¨ O, G ¨ UREL, L. ¨ The Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm for Solving Large-Scale Computational Electromagnetics. Wiley, 2014.
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Keywords: Antenna arrays, patch antennas, antenna optimizations, genetic algorithms, multilevel fast multipole algorithm.

K. Y. You, Z. Abbas, C.Y. Lee, M. F. A. Malek, K. Y. Lee, E. M. Cheng [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Modelling and Measuring Dielectric Constants for Very Thin Materials Using a Coaxial Probe

This paper is focused on the non-destructive measurement of the dielectric constants (relative permittivities) of thin dielectric material (0.1 mm – 0.5 mm) using an open-ended coaxial probe with an outer diameter of 4.1 mm. Normalized de-embedding and network error calibration procedures were applied to the coaxial probe. The measured reflection coefficients for the thin samples were taken with a vector network analyzer up to 7 GHz, and the calibrated reflection coefficients were converted to relative dielectric constant using an empirical reflection-coefficient model. The empirical model was created using the regression method and expressed as a polynomial model, and the coefficients of model were obtained by fitting with the data using the Finite Element Method (FEM).

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8. HYDE, M. W., HAVRILLA, M. J. Measurement of complex permittivity and permeability using two flanged rectangular waveguides. In IEEE/MTT-S International Microwave Symposium. Honolulu, (HI, USA), 3-8 June 2007.
9. YOU, K. Y., ABBAS, Z., KHALID, K. Application of microwave moisture sensor for determination of oil palm fruit ripeness. Measurement Science Review, 2010, vol. 10, p. 7–14.
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Keywords: Relative effective permittivity, one-port calibration, measured reflection coefficient, open-ended coaxial probe, thin dielectric substrate

M. Dhaouadi, M. Mabrouk, T. P. Vuong, A. C. de Souza, A. Ghazel [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
A Broadband UHF Tag Antenna For Near-Field and Far-Field RFID Communications

The paper deals with the design of passive broadband tag antenna for Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) band. The antenna is intended for both near and far fields Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications. The meander dipole tag antenna geometry modification is designed for frequency bandwidth increasing. The measured bandwidth of the proposed broadband Tag antenna is more than 140 MHz (820–960 MHz), which can cover the entire UHF RFID band. A comparison between chip impedance of datasheet and the measured chip impedance has been used in our simulations. The proposed progressive meandered antenna structure, with an overall size of 77 mm × 14 mm × 0.787 mm, produces strong and uniform magnetic field distribution in the near-field zone. The antenna impedance is matched to common UHF chips in market simply by tuning its capacitive and inductive values since a perfect matching is required in the antenna design in order to enhance the near and the far field communications. Measurements confirm that the designed antenna exhibits good performance of Tag identification for both near-field and far-field UHF RFID applications.

Errata: Original version submitted after the deadline (is published on the authors' demand).

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12. NIKITIN, P.V., RAO, K. V. S., MARTINEZ, R., LAM, S. F. Sensitivity and impedance measurements of UHF RFID chips. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Technique, 2009, vol. 57, no. 5, p. 1297-1302.
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15. DAIKI, M., CHAABANE, H., PERRET, E., TEDJINI, S., AGUILI, T. RFID chip impedance measurement for UHF tag design. In Proc. PIERS, Mar. 2011, p. 679-680.
16. CHO, J.-H., SON, H.-W., JEONG, S.-H., CHOI, W.-K., PARK, C.-W. A flexible, wideband RFID tag antenna for metallic surfaces. In Proc. of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI). Chicago (USA), 2012, p. 1-2.
17. DHAOUADI, M., MABROUK, M., VUONG, T. P., HAMZAOUI, D., GHAZEL, A. Chip impedance matching for UHF-band RFID tag. In Proc. European Conf. on Antennas and Propagation. Gothenburg (Sweden), Apr. 2013, p. 3056-3059.
18. DHAOUADI, M., MABROUK, M., GHAZEL, A., TEDJINI, S. Electromagnetic analysis of UHF near-field RFID tag antenna. In Proc. of the URSI GASS 2011. Istanbul (Turkey), 2011, p. 1–4.
19. LI, X., YANG, Z. Dual-printed-dipoles reader antenna for UHF near-field RFID applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Nov. 2011, vol. 10, p. 239–242.
20. Mercury6e (M6e) embedded UHF RFID Reader Module (datasheet). Available at: http://www.thingmagic.com/embeddedrfid-readers/mercury6e.

Keywords: Chip, tag antenna, far-field, near-field, Ultra High Frequency (UHF), RF identification (RFID).

F. Bagci, S. Can, B. Akaoglu, A. E. Yilmaz [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Polarization Beam Splitter Based on Self-Collimation of a Hybrid Photonic Crystal

A photonic crystal polarization beam splitter based on photonic band gap and self-collimation effects is designed for optical communication wavelengths. The photonic crystal structure consists of a polarization-insensitive self-collimation region and a splitting region. TM- and TE-polarized waves propagate without diffraction in the self-collimation region, whereas they split by 90 degrees in the splitting region. Efficiency of more than 75% for TM- and TE-polarized light is obtained for a polarization beam splitter size of only 17 μm x 17 μm in a wavelength interval of 60 nm including 1.55 μm.

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Keywords: Photonic crystals, self-collimation, photonic band gap

M. T. Jilani, W. P. Wen, L. Y. Cheong, M. A. Zakariya, M. Z. U. Rehman [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Equivalent Circuit Modeling of the Dielectric Loaded Microwave Biosensor

This article describes the modeling of biological tissues at microwave frequency using equivalent lumped elements. A microwave biosensor based on microstrip ring resonator (MRR), that has been utilized previously for meat quality evaluation is used for this purpose. For the first time, the ring-resonator loaded with the lossy and high permittivity dielectric material, such as; biological tissue, in a partial overlay configuration is analyzed. The equivalent circuit modeling of the structure is then performed to identify the effect of overlay thickness on the resonance frequency. Finally, the relationship of an overlay thickness with the corresponding RC values of the meat equivalent circuit is established. Simulated, calculated and measured results are then compared for validation. Results are well agreed while the observed discrepancy is in acceptable limit.

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12. JILANI, M. T., WEN, W. P., ZAKARIYA, M. A, CHEONG, L.Y. A microwave sensor for non-destructive dielectric characterization of biological systems. Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications, 2014 (accepted for publication).
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Keywords: Microwave biosensor, microstrip ring resonator, equivalent circuit modeling, effective permittivity, dielectric constant, meat dielectric characterization, overlay thickness

Sijia Li, Xiangyu Cao, Jun Gao, Yuejun Zheng, Di Zhang, Hongxi Liu [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Fractal Metamaterial Absorber with Three-Order Oblique Cross Dipole Slot Structure and its Application for In-band RCS Reduction of Array Antennas

To miniaturize the perfect metamaterial absorber, a fractal three-order oblique cross dipole slot structure is proposed and investigated in this paper. The fractal perfect metamaterial absorber (FPMA) consists of two metallic layers separated by a lossy dielectric substrate. The top layer etched a three-order oblique fractal-shaped cross dipole slot set in a square patch and the bottom one is a solid metal. The parametric study is performed for providing practical design guidelines. A prototype with a thickness of 0.0106λ (λ is the wavelength at 3.18 GHz) of the FPMA was designed, fabricated, measured, and is loaded on a 1×10 guidewave slot array antennas to reduce the in-band radar cross section (RCS) based on their surface current distribution. Experiments are carried out to verify the simulation results, and the experimental results show that the absorption at normal incidence is above 90% from 3.17 to 3.22GHz, the size for the absorber is 0.1λ×0.1λ, the three-order FPMA is miniaturized 60% compared with the zero-order ones, and the array antennas significantly obtain the RCS reduction without the radiation deterioration.

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17. SIJIA LI, XIANGYU CAO, TAO LIU, HUANHUAN YANG. Double-layer perfect metamaterial absorber and its application for RCS reduction of antenna. Radioengineering, 2014, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 222–228.
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19. HE-XIU XU, GUANG-MING WANG, MEI-QING QI, JIANGANG LIANG, JIAN-QIANG GONG, ZHI-MING XU. Tripleband polarization-insensitive wide-angle ultra-miniature metamaterial transmission line absorber. Phys. Rev. B, 2012, vol. 86, p. 205104.
20. SIJIA LI, JUN GAO, XIANGYU CAO, WENQIANG LI, ZHAO ZHANG, DI ZHANG. Wideband, thin and polarization-insensitive perfect absorber based the double octagonal rings metamaterials and lumped resistances. J. Appl. Phys., 2014, vol. 116, p. 043710.

Keywords: Guidewave slot array antennas, fractal perfect metamaterial absorber, surface current distribution, RCS reduction.

Y. S. Meng, Y. Shan [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Measurement and Calibration of A High-Sensitivity Microwave Power Sensor with An Attenuator

In this paper, measurement and calibration of a high-sensitivity microwave power sensor through an attenuator is performed using direct comparison transfer technique. To provide reliable results, a mathematical model previously derived using signal flow graphs together with non-touching loop rule analysis for the measurement estimate (i.e. calibration factor) and its uncertainty evaluation is comparatively investigated. The investigation is carried out through the analysis of physical measurement processes, and consistent mathematical model is observed. Later, an example of Type-N (up to 18 GHz) application is used to demonstrate its calibration and measurement capability.

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Keywords: Direct comparison transfer, modeling, high-sensitivity, measurement uncertainty

C. Picher, J. Anguera, A. Andujar, C. Puente, A. Bujalance [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Concentrated Ground Plane Booster Antenna Technology for Multiband Operation in Handset Devices

The current demand in the handset antenna field requires multiband antennas due to the existence of multiple communication standards and the emergence of new ones. At the same time, antennas with reduced dimensions are strongly required in order to be easily integrated. In this sense, the paper proposes a compact radiating system that uses two non-resonant elements to properly excite the ground plane to solve the abovementioned shortcomings by minimizing the required Printed Circuit Board (PCB) area while ensuring a multiband performance. These non-resonant elements are called here ground plane boosters since they excite an efficient mode of the ground plane. The proposed radiating system comprises two ground plane boosters of small dimensions of 5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm. One is in charge of the low frequency region (0.824-0.960 GHz) and the other is in charge of the high frequency region (1.710-2.170 GHz). With the aim of achieving a compact configuration, the two boosters are placed close to each other in a corner of the ground plane of a handset device (concentrated architecture). Several experiments related to the coupling between boosters have been carried out in two different platforms (barphone and smartphone), and the best position and the required matching network are presented. The novel proposal achieves multiband performance at GSM850/900/1800/1900 and UMTS.

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Keywords: Handset antennas, multi-band, non-resonant antennas, ground plane modes.

U. Ullah, M. F. Ain, M. Othman, I. Zubir, N. M. Mahyuddin, Z. A. Ahmad, M. Z. Abdullah [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
A novel Multi-permittivity Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wideband Applications

In this paper, a novel multi-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband application is presented. The multi-permittivity cylinder is formed by combining two different permittivity material sectors in such a way that each sector (with constant permittivity) is 90 degree apart. A direct microstrip line coupling terminated with T-stub at the open end is used to excite the multi-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator. The angular position of the multi sector dielectric resonator with respect to the longitudinal axis of the microstrip line and length of the additional strip at the open end of the feeding circuit is key parameters for wideband operation of the antenna. By optimizing all parameters of the proposed antenna, wideband impedance bandwidth of 56% (12.1 GHz - 21.65 GHz) is achieved. The average gain of the antenna throughout the bandwidth is 5.9 dB with good radiation properties in both E-plane and H-plane. A well matched simulation and experimental results show that the antenna is suitable for wideband applications.

1. TZE-HSUAN, C., YU-CHING, H., WEI-FANG, S., JEAN-FU, K. Wideband dielectric resonator antenna with a tunnel. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2008, vol. 7, p. 275–278.
2. CHU, L. C. Y., GUHA, D., ANTAR, Y. M. M. Conformal stripfed shaped cylindrical dielectric resonator: Improved design of a wideband wireless antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2009, vol. 8, p. 482-485.
3. YONGMEI, P., KWOK-WA, L. Wideband circularly polarized trapezoidal dielectric resonator antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2010, vol. 9, p. 588–591.
4. CHAUDHARY, R. K., KUMAR, R., SRIVASTAVA, K. V. Wideband ring dielectric resonator antenna with annular-shaped microstrip feed. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2013, vol. 12, p. 595–598.
5. KHALILY, M., KAMARUDIN, M. R., JAMALUDDIN, M. H. A novel square dielectric resonator antenna with two unequal inclined slits for wideband circular polarization. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2013, vol. 12, p. 1256–1259.
6. KHALILY, M. R., MOKAYEF, M., DANESH, SH., GHAHFEROKHI, S. E. A. A new wideband circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna. Radioengineering, 2014, vol. 23, p. 175–180.
7. KHALILY, M., RAHIM, M. K. A., KISHK, A. A. Bandwidth enhancement and radiation characteristics improvement of rectangular dielectric resonator antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2011, vol. 10, p. 393–395.
8. MESSAOUDENE, I., DENIDNI, T. A., BENGHALIA, A. Ultrawideband DRA integrated with narrow-band slot antenna. Electronics Letters, 2014, vol. 50, p. 139–141.
9. FENG, W. Y., DENIDNI, T. A., Z. SHENG, Q., GAO, W. Bandnotched UWB rectangular dielectric resonator antenna. Electronics Letters, 2014, vol. 50, p. 483–484.
10. DHAR, S., GHATAK, R., GUPTA, B., PODDAR, D. R. A wideband Minkowski fractal dielectric resonator antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, vol. 61, p. 2895 to 2903.
11. MENG, Z., JIN, P. Wideband hybrid circularly polarised rectangular dielectric resonator antenna excited by modified crossslot. Electronics Letters, 2014, vol. 50, p. 1123–1125.
12. PRAVEEN KUMAR, A. V., HAMSAKUTTY, V., YOHANNAN, J., MATHEW, K. T. A wideband conical beam cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2007, vol. 6, p. 15–17.
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16. PRAVEEN KUMAR, A. V., HAMSAKUTTY, V., YOHANNAN, J., MATHEW, K. T. Microstrip line-fed half-cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for 2.4-GHz WLAN application. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2006, vol. 48, p. 724–726.
17. PETOSA, A. Dielectric Resonator Antenna Handbook. 1st ed. London: Artech House, 2007.

Keywords: Dielectric resonator antenna (DRA), multi-permittivity dielectric resonator, wideband antenna

T. Mandal, S. Das [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
A Coplanar Waveguide Fed Hexagonal Shape Ultra Wide Band Antenna with WiMAX and WLAN Band Rejection

In this paper, a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed hexagonal shape planar antenna has been considered for ultra-wide band (UWB). This antenna is then modified to obtain dual band rejection. The Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Wireless Microwave Access (WiMAX) band rejections are realized by symmetrically incorporating a pair of L-shape slots within the ground plane as well as a couple of I-shape stubs inserted on the bottom side of radiating patch. The proposed antenna has stop bands of 5.05-5.92 GHz and 3.19-3.7 GHz while maintaining the wideband performance from 2.88 - 13.71 GHz with reflection coefficient of ≤ -10 dB. The antenna exhibits satisfactory omni-directional radiation characteristics throughout its operating band. The peak gain varies from 2 dB to 6 dB in the entire UWB frequency regions except at the notch bands. Surface current distributions are used to analyze the effects of the L-slot and I-shape stub. The measured group delay has small variation within the operating band except notch bands and hence the proposed antenna may be suitable for UWB applications.

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6. YI-CHENG LIN, KUAN-JUNG HUNG. Compact ultra-wide band rectangular aperture antenna and band-notched designs. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2006, vol. 54, no. 11, p. 3075-3081.
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16. CHATTOPADHYAY, K., DAS, S., DAS, S., BHADRA CHAUDHURI, S. R. Ultra-wideband performance of printed hexagonal wide slot antenna with dual band-notched characteristics. Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, 2013, vol. 44, p. 83–93.
17. MA, X. L., SHAO, W., HE, G. Q. A novel dual narrow band-notch band CPW fed UWB slot antenna with parasitic strips. Applied Computational Electromagnetic Society, 2012, vol. 27, no. 7, p. 581–588.
18. KIM, K. H., PARK, S. O. Analysis of the small band rejected antenna with the parasitic strip for UWB. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2006, vol. 54, no. 6, p. 1688–1692.
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Keywords: Hexagonal planar antenna, CPW fed, UWB, WLAN band, WiMAX band.

X.L.Yang, F.L.Kong, X.L.Liu, C.Y.Song [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
A CPW-fed Triple-band Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications

In this letter, a compact printed antenna fed by coplanar waveguide for triple-band is presented. The proposed antenna consists of two rectangular metallic loops in front and a slit square ring on the backside. Tri-band has been achieved, which can be easily tuned by adjusting the sizes of the rectangles. An analysis of equal lumped circuit mechanism as well the triple band operation is provided. Key parameters to tune the resonant frequencies have been identified. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 30×26 mm^2. Simulated results show that the presented antenna can cover three separated impedance bandwidths of ～13% at 300 MHz (2.2–2.5 GHz), ～14% at 500 MHz (3.3–3.8 GHz), and ～15% at 800 MHz (5.1–5.9 GHz), which are well applied for both 2.4/5.2/5.8-GHz WLAN bands and 3.5/5.5-GHz WiMAX bands.

1. CHIANG, M.J., WANG, S., HSU, C.C. Compact multi-frequency slot antenna design incorporating embedded arc-strip. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 2012, vol. 11, p. 834–837.
2. CHANG, T.H., KIANG, J.F. Compact multi-band h-shaped slot antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2013, vol. 61, no. 8, p. 4345–4399.
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4. MOK, W.C., WONG, S.H., LUK, K.M., LEE, K.F. Single-layer single-patch dual-band and triple-band patch antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2013, vol. 61, no. 8, p. 4341–4344.
5. BAE, H.R., SO, S.O., CHO, C.S., LEE, J.W., KIM, J. A crooked U-slot dual-band antenna with radial stub feeding. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 2009, vol. 8, p. 1345–1348.
6. LIU, W.C., WU, C.M., TSENE, Y.J. Parasitically loaded CPW-fed monopole antenna for broadband operation. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2011, vol. 59, no. 6, p. 2415–2419.
7. ANTONIADES, M. A., ELEFTHERIADES, G. V. A compact multiband monopole antenna with a defected ground plane. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 2008, vol. 7, p. 652–655.
8. ZHAI, H.Q., MA, Z.H., HAN, Y., LIANG, C.H. A compact printed antenna for triple-band WLAN/WiMAX applications. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 2013, vol. 12, p. 65–68.
9. WONG, K.L., LEE, G.Y., CHIOU, T.W. A low-profile planar monopole antenna for multiband operation of mobile handsets. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2003, vol. 51, no. 1, p. 121–125.
10. BAEK, J.G., HWANG, K.C. Triple-band unidirectional circularly polarized hexagonal slot antenna with multiple L-shaped slits. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2013, vol. 61, no. 9, p. 4831–4835.
11. DENG, C.P., LIU, X.Y., ZHANG, Z. K., TENTZERIS, M. M. A miniascape-like triple-band monopole antenna for WLAN applications. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., 2012, vol. 11, p. 1330–1333. DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2012.2227292.
12. FUGUO ZHU, GAO, S., HO, A.T.S., ABD-ALHAMEED, R.A., SEE, C.H., BROWN, T.W.C., JIANZHOU LI, GAO WEI, JIADONG XU. Multiple band-notched UWB antenna with band-rejected elements integrated in the feed line. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2013, vol. 61, no. 8, p. 3952–3960. DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2013.2260119.
13. SHARMA, V., SAXENA, V. K., SHARMA, K. B., BHATNAGAR, D. Multi-band elliptical patch antennas with narrow sector slot for WiMAX applications. International Journal of Microwave and Optical Technology, 2012, vol. 7, no. 2. p. 89–96.
14. LOSITO, O., BOZZETTI, M., DIMICCOLI, V., BARLETTA, D. Multiple sector ring monopole antenna. In Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Antenna and Propagation. Prague (Czech Rep.), 2012, p. 804–807.

Keywords: Triple-band, coplanar waveguide, equivalent circuit.

Sijia Li, Xiangyu Cao, Jun Gao, Pengcheng Gao [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
High-Isolation Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antenna via Substrate Integrated Waveguide Technology

A dual-polarized microstrip antenna with high-isolation is proposed by the utilization of the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. According to the SIW technology, the metalized holes (MHs) are inserted into the substrate for the proposed antenna and the electric fields of the feeding parts are enclosed, so the isolation of the antenna is enhanced. The bandwidth is improved due to the MHs in the four sides of the antenna. A prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. Experimental results indicate that the antenna obtains the isolation more than 40 dB and achieves the impedance bandwidth of 21.9% and 23.8%(11.8-14.6 GHz and 11.65-14.8 GHz for two ports) of the reflection coefficients less than -20 dB. The cross polarization with the main lobe remains less than -30 dB and the half-power beam width is about 70° for the proposed antenna. Meanwhile, the front-to-back ratio remains to be better than 20 dB. A good agreement between the measured and simulated results validates the proposed design.

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7. VALLOZZI, L., VAN TORRE, P., HERTLEER, C., ROGIER, H., MOENECLAEY, M., VERHAEVERT, J. Wireless communication for firefighters using dual-polarized textile antennas integrated in their garment. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2010, vol. 58, no. 4, p. 1357–1368.
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15. BARBA, M. A high-isolation, wideband and dual-linear polarization patch antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas Propagation, 2008, vol. 56, no. 5, p. 1472–1476.
16. KABOLI, M., MIRTAHERI, S. A., ABRISHAMIAN, M. S. High isolation X-polar antenna. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letters, 2010, vol. 9, p. 401–404.
17. BIAO LI, YING-ZENG YIN, WEI HU, YANG DING, YANG ZHAO. Wideband dual-polarized patch antenna with low cross polarization and high isolation. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagation Letters, 2012, vol. 11, p. 427–430.
18. JIE LU, ZHENQI KUAI, XIAOWEI ZHU, NIANZU ZHANG. A high-isolation dual-polarization microstrip patch antenna with quasi-cross-shaped coupling slot. IEEE Transactions on Antennas Propagation, 2011, vol. 59, no. 7, p. 2713–2717.

Keywords: Substrate integrated waveguide, isolation, dual-polarized microstrip antenna, aperture coupled antenna

I. Prudyus, V. Oborzhytskyy [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Design of Dual-Band Two-Branch-Line Couplers with Arbitrary Coupling Coefficients in Bands

A new approach to design dual-band two-branch couplers with arbitrary coupling coefficients at two operating frequency bands is proposed in this article. The method is based on the usage of equivalent subcircuits input reactances of the even-mode and odd-mode excitations. The exact design formulas for three options of the dual-band coupler with different location and number of stubs are received. These formulas permit to obtain the different variants for each structure in order to select the physically realizable solution and can be used in broad range of frequency ratio and power division ratio. For verification, three different dual-band couplers, which are operating at 2.4/3.9 GHz with different coupling coefficients (one with 3/6 dB, and 10/3 dB two others) are designed, simulated, fabricated and tested. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated ones.

1. LIN, X. Q., LUI, R. P., YANG, X. M., CHEN, J. X., YIN, X. X., CHENG, Q., CUI, T. J. Arbitrary dual-band components using simplified structures of conventional CRLH TLs. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2006, vol. 54, no. 7, p. 2902–2909.
2. CHI, I.-H., DeVINCENTIS, M., CALOZ, C., ITOH, T. Arbitrary dual-band components using composite right/left-handed transmission lines. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2004, vol. 52, no. 4, p. 1142–1149.
3. LIN, P.-L., ITOH, T. Miniaturized dual-band directional couplers using composite right/left-handed transmission structures and their applications in beam pattern diversity systems. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2009, vol. 57, no. 5, p. 1207–1215.
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7. CHENG, K.-K., M., WONG, F.-L. A novel approach to the design and implementation of dual-band compact planar 90o branch-line coupler. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2004, vol. 52, no. 11, p. 2458–2463.
8. HSU, C.-L., M., KUO, J.-T., CHANG, C.-W. Miniaturized dualband hybrid couplers with arbitrary power division ratios. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2009, vol. 57, no. 1, p. 149–156.
9. TANG, C.-W., CHEN, M.-G. Design of multipassband microstrip branch-line couplers with open stubs. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2009, vol. 57, no. 1, p. 196–203.
10. KIM, K., LIM, J., KIM, K., AHN, D. A compact dual band branch line coupler with arbitrary power division ratio. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2010, vol. 52, no. 7, p. 1476–1480.
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14. PARK, M.-J. Dual-band, unequal length branch-line coupler with center-tapped stubs. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2009, vol. 19, no. 10, p. 617–619.
15. CHIN, K.-S., LIN, K.-M., WEI, Y.-H., TSENG, T.-H., YANG, Y.-J. Compact dual-band branch-line and rat-race couplers with stepped-impedance-stub lines. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2010, vol. 58, no. 5, p. 1213–1221.
16. LU, K., WANG, G.-M., TIAN, B. Design of dual-band branch-line coupler based on shunt open- circuit DCRLH cell. Radioengineering, 2013, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 618–623.
17. KIM, T. G., LEE, B., PARK, M.-J. Dual-band branch-line coupler with two center-tapped stubs. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2008, vol. 50, no. 12, p. 3136–3139.
18. JIZAT, N. M., RAHIM, S. K. A., RAHMAN, T. A., KAMARUDIN, M. R. Miniaturize size of dual band branch-line coupler by implementing reduced series arm of coupler with stub loaded. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2011, vol. 53, no. 4, p. 819–822.
19. HSU, C.-L. Dual-band branch line coupler with large power division ratios. In Proceedings of Asia Pacific Microwave Conference. Singapore, 7-10 Dec. 2009, p. 2088–2091.
20. YU, C.-H., PANG, Y.-H. Dual-band unequal-power quadrature branch-line coupler with coupled lines. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 2013, vol. 23, no. 1, p. 10–12.
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Keywords: Dual band, branch-line coupler, even-odd-mode excitations, arbitrary coupling coefficient

Chi-Un Lei [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
SIM-DSP: A DSP-Enhanced CAD Platform for Signal Integrity Macromodeling and Simulation

Macromodeling-Simulation process for signal integrity verifications has become necessary for the high speed circuit system design. This paper aims to introduce a “VLSI Signal Integrity Macromodeling and Simulation via Digital Signal Processing Techniques” framework (known as SIM-DSP framework), which applies digital signal processing techniques to facilitate the SI verification process in the pre-layout design phase. Core identification modules and peripheral (pre-/post-)processing modules have been developed and assembled to form a verification flow. In particular, a single-step discrete cosine transform truncation (DCTT) module has been developed for modeling-simulation process. In DCTT, the response modeling problem is classified as a signal compression problem, wherein the system response can be represented by a truncated set of non-pole based DCT bases, and error can be analyzed through Parseval’s theorem. Practical examples are given to show the applicability of our proposed framework.

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Keywords: simulation, signal integrity, high-speed circuits, macromodeling

G. Souliotis, C. Laoudias, N. Terzopoulos [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
An Offset Cancelation Technique for Latch Type Sense Amplifiers

An offset compensation technique for a latch type sense amplifier is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme is based on the recalibration of the charging/discharging current of the critical nodes which are affected by the device mismatches. The circuit has been designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology with 1.2 V core transistors. The auto-calibration procedure is fully digital. Simulation results are given verifying the operation for sampling a 5 Gb/s signal dissipating only 360 uW.

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11. KHANGHAH, M. M., SADEGHIPOUR, K. D. A 0.5 V offset cancelled latch comparator in standard 0.18 μm CMOS process. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, 2014, vol. 79, no. 1, p. 161 - 169.
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16. KIM, J., LEIBOWITZ, B. S., REN, J., MADDEN C. J. Simulation and analysis of random decision errors in clocked comparators. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems – I: Regular Papers, 2009, vol. 56, no. 8, p. 1844 - 1857.
17. NIKOLIC, B., OKLOBDZIJA, V., STOJANOVIC, V. G., JIA, W., CHIU, J. K.-S., LEUNG, M. M.-T. Improved sense-amplifierbased flip-flop: design and measurements. IEEE Journal of SolidState Circuits, 2000, vol. 35, no. 6, p. 876 - 884.
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Keywords: Offset cancelation, Sense amplifiers, Clocked comparators, Latch circuits.

S. A. Tekin, H. Ercan, M. Alci [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
A Versatile Active Block: DXCCCII and Tunable Applications

The study describes dual-X controlled current conveyor (DXCCCII) as a versatile active block and its application to inductance simulators for testing. Moreover, the high pass filter application using with DXCCCII based inductance simulator and oscillator with flexible tunable oscillation frequency have been presented and simulated to confirm the theoretical validity. The proposed circuit which has a simple circuit design requires the low-voltage and the DXCCCII can also be tuned in the wide range by the biasing current. The proposed DXCCCII provides a good linearity, high output impedance at Z terminals, and a reasonable current and voltage transfer gain accuracy. The proposed DXCCCII and its applications have been simulated using the CMOS 0.18 µm technology.

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25. GALAN, J., CARVAJAL, R. G., MUNOZ, F., TORRALBA, A., RAMIREZ-ANGULO, J. A low-power low-voltage OTA-C sinusoidal oscillator with more than two decades of linear tuning range. In Proc. of the 2003 International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Bangkok (Thailand), 2003, vol. 1, p. 677–680.
26. BEG, P., SIDDIQI, M. A., ANSARI, M. S. Multi output filter and four phase sinusoidal oscillator using CMOS DX-MOCCII. International Journal of Electronics, vol. 98, no. 9, p. 1185 – 1198.
27. CHIEN, H. C. Voltage- and current-modes sinusoidal oscillator using a single differential voltage current conveyor. Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 2013, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 395 to 404.
28. BIOLEK, D., KESKIN, A. U., BIOLKOVA, V. Grounded capacitor current mode single resistance-controlled oscillator using single modified current differencing transconductance amplifier. IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, 2010, vol. 4, no. 6, p. 496–502.
29. LI, Y. A new single MCCCDTA based Wien-bridge oscillator with AGC. International Journal of Electronics and Communications (AEU), 2012, vol. 66, no. 2, p. 153–156.
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Keywords: Dual-X current conveyor, low voltage, tunable circuit, controlled oscillator.

S. C. Yener, H. H. Kuntman [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Fully CMOS Memristor Based Chaotic Circuit

This paper demonstrates the design of a fully CMOS chaotic circuit consisting of only DDCC based memristor and inductance simulator. Our design is composed of these active blocks using CMOS 0.18 µm process technology with symmetric ±1.25 V supply voltages. A new single DDCC+ based topology is used as the inductance simulator. Simulation results verify that the design proposed satisfies both memristor properties and the chaotic behavior of the circuit. Simulations performed illustrate the success of the proposed design for the realization of CMOS based chaotic applications.

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Keywords: Memristor, CMOS design, DDCC, Chua's circuit, chaotic oscillators.

R. Srivastava, M. Gupta, U. Singh [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Low Voltage Floating Gate MOS Transistor Based Four-Quadrant Multiplier

This paper presents a four-quadrant multiplier based on square-law characteristic of floating gate MOSFET (FGMOS) in saturation region. The proposed circuit uses square-difference identity and the differential voltage squarer proposed by Gupta et al. to implement the multiplication function. The proposed multiplier employs eight FGMOS transistors and two resistors only. The FGMOS implementation of the multiplier allows low voltage operation, reduced power consumption and minimum transistor count. The second order effects caused due to mobility degradation, component mismatch and temperature variations are discussed. Performance of the proposed circuit is verified at ±0.75 V in TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS, BSIM3 and Level 49 technology by using Cadence Spectre simulator.

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8. GUPTA, M., PANDEY, R. Low-voltage FGMOS based analog building blocks. Microelectronics Journal, 2011, vol. 42, no. 6, p. 903-912. DOI: 10.1016/j.mejo.2011.03.013.
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31. GUPTA, M, SRIVASTAVA, R., SINGH, U. Low voltage floating gate MOS transistor based differential voltage squarer. ISRN Electronics, vol. 2014, article ID 357184, 6 pages. DOI:10.1155/2014/357184.
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Keywords: FGMOS, low-voltage, low-power, four-quadrant, multiplier.

J. Torres, F. Hernandez, J. Habermann [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Digital Demodulator for BFSK waveform based upon Correlator and Differentiator Systems

The present article relates in general to digital demodulation of Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK waveform) . New processing methods for demodulating the BFSK-signals are proposed here. Based on Sampler Correlator, the hardware consumption for the proposed techniques is reduced in comparison with other reported. Theoretical details concerning limits of applicability are also given by closed-form expressions. Simulation experiments are illustrated to validate the overall performance.

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Keywords: BFSK, Correlator, Digital Receiver

H.T. Xie, D.X. An, X.T. Huang, Z.M. Zhou [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Efficient Raw Signal Generation Based on Equivalent Scatterer and Subaperture Processing for SAR with Arbitrary Motion

An efficient SAR raw signal generation method based on equivalent scatterer and subaperture processing is proposed in this paper. It considers the radar’s motion track, which can obtain the precise raw signal for the real SAR. First, the imaging geometry with arbitrary motion is established, and then the scene is divided into several equidistant rings. Based on the equivalent scatterer model, the approximate expression of the SAR system transfer function is derived, thus each pulse’s raw signal can be generated by the convolution of the transmitted signal and system transfer function, performed by the fast Fourier transform (FFT). To further improve the simulation efficiency, the subaperture and polar subscene processing is used. The system transfer function of pluses for the same subaperture is calculated simultaneously by the weighted sum of all subscenes’ equivalent backscattering coefficient in the same equidistant ring, performed by the nonuniform FFT (NUFFT). The method only involves the FFT, NUFFT and complex multiplication operations, which means the easier implementation and higher efficiency. Simulation results are given to prove the validity of this method.

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Keywords: Arbitrary motion, equivalent scatterer, raw signal generation, synthetic aperture radar, subaperture processing.

Y.P. Zhu, Y.S. Wei, Y.J. Li [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
First Order Sea Clutter Cross Section for HF Hybrid Sky-Surface Wave Radar

This paper presents a modified method to simulate the first order sea clutter cross section for high frequency (HF) hybrid sky-surface wave radar, based on the existent model applied in the bistatic HF surface wave radar. The modification focuses on the derivation of Bragg scattering frequency and the ionosphere dispersive impact on the clutter resolution cell. Meanwhile, an analytic expression to calculate the dispersive transfer function is derived on condition that the ionosphere is spherical stratified. Simulation results explicate the variance of the cross section after taking account of the influence triggered by the actual clutter resolution cell, and the spectral width of the first order sea clutter is defined so as to compare the difference. Eventually, experiment results are present to verify the rationality and validity of the proposed method.

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18. LI, Y.J., WEI, Y.S., XU, R.Q. Influence of ionosphere on resolution cell of HF hybrid sky-surface wave radar. In Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI). Orlando (USA), 2013, p. 1028–1029.
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Keywords: Clutter resolution cell, ionosphere dispersion, first order sea clutter cross section, HF hybrid sky-surface wave radar.

M. Barbary, Peng Zong [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
A Novel Stealthy Target Detection Based on Stratospheric Balloon-borne Positional Instability due to Random Wind

A novel detection for stealthy target model F-117A with a higher aspect vision is introduced by using Stratospheric Balloon-borne Bistatic system. The potential problem of proposed scheme is platform instability impacted on the balloon by external wind force. The flight control system is studied in detail under typical random process, which is defined by Dryden turbulence spectrum. To accurately detect the stealthy target model, a real Radar Cross Section (RCS) based on physical optics (PO) formulation is applied. The sensitivity of the proposed scheme has been improved due to increasing PO – scattering field of stealthy model with higher aspect angle comparing to the conventional ground -based system. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme gives much higher location accuracy and reduces location errors.

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20. CORBEL, C., BOURLIER, C., PINEL, N., CHAUVEAU, J. Rough surface RCS measurements and simulations using the physical optics approximation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013, vol. 61, no. 10, p. 5155–5165.
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Keywords: Stealthy RCS, bistaic balloon-borne radar, PO method

B. Szymanik [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Inverse Problem Solution in Landmines Detection Based on Active Thermography

Landmines still affect numerous territories in the whole world and pose a serious threat, mostly to civilians. Widely used non-metallic landmines are undetectable using metal detector. Therefore, there is an urging need to improve methods of detecting such objects. In the present study we introduce relatively new method of landmines' detection: active infrared thermography with microwave excitation. In this paper we present the optimization based method of solving inverse problem for microwave heating. This technique will be used in the reconstruction of detected landmines geometric and material properties.

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5. SZYMANIK, B., GRATKOWSKI, S. Numerical modelling of microwave heating in landmines detection. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics, 2011, vol. 37, no. 2-3, p. 215–229.
6. SZYMANIK, B. Objects’ parameters reconstruction in landmines’ detection based on active thermography. In International Interdisciplinary PhD Workshop IIPhDW 2013. Brno (Czech Republic), 8-11 September, 2013.
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Keywords: Microwave heating, landmines detection, active thermography, inverse problems

M. Galabov [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
3D Capturing with Monoscopic Camera

This article presents a new concept of using the auto-focus function of the monoscopic camera sensor to estimate depth map information, which avoids not only using auxiliary equipment or human interaction, but also the introduced computational complexity of SfM or depth analysis. The system architecture that supports both stereo image and video data capturing, processing and display is discussed. A novel stereo image pair generation algorithm by using Z-buffer-based 3D surface recovery is proposed. Based on the depth map, we are able to calculate the disparity map (the distance in pixels between the image points in both views) for the image. The presented algorithm uses a single image with depth information (e.g. z-buffer) as an input and produces two images for left and right eye.

1. GUAN-MING SU, YU-CHI LAI, KWASINSKI, A., HAOHONG WANG. 3D Visual Communications. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
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10. KAMENCAY, P., BREZNAN, M., JARINA, R, LUKAC, P., ZACHARIASOVA, M. Improved depth map estimation from stereo images based on hybrid method. Radioengineering, 2012, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 70-78.
11. KALLER, O., BOLECEK, L., KRATOCHVIL, T. Profilometry scaning for correction of 3D images depth map estimation. In Proceedings of the 53rd International Symposium ELMAR- 2011. Zadar (Croatia), 2011, p. 119-122. ISBN: 978-953-7044-12- 1.
12. CURTI, S., SIRTORI, D., VELLA, F. 3D effect generation from monocular view. In Proc. First International Symp. on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission (3DPVT 2002). Padua (Italy), 2002, p. 550–553. DOI: 10.1109/TDPVT.2002.1024116.
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Keywords: 3D content, multi-view camera, 3D capturing.

V. Banoci, M. Broda, G. Bugar, D. Levicky [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Universal Image Steganalytic Method

In the paper we introduce a new universal steganalytic method in JPEG file format that is detecting well-known and also newly developed steganographic methods. The steganalytic model is trained by MHF-DZ steganographic algorithm previously designed by the same authors. The calibration technique with the Feature Based Steganalysis (FBS) was employed in order to identify statistical changes caused by embedding a secret data into original image. The steganalyzer concept utilizes Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification for training a model that is later used by the same steganalyzer in order to identify between a clean (cover) and steganographic image. The aim of the paper was to analyze the variety in accuracy of detection results (ACR) while detecting testing steganographic algorithms as F5, Outguess, Model Based Steganography without deblocking, JP Hide&Seek which represent the generally used steganographic tools. The comparison of four feature vectors with different lengths FBS (22), FBS (66) FBS(274) and FBS(285) shows promising results of proposed universal steganalytic method comparing to binary methods.

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Keywords: Steganography, universal steganalysis, message hiding, image processing, JPEG file format, statistical features

W. Zhao, Y. M. Wei, Y. H. Shen, Z. G. Yuan, P. C. Xu, W. Jian [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
A Novel FastICA Method for the Reference-based Contrast Functions

This paper deals with the efficient optimization problem of Cumulant-based contrast criteria in the Blind Source Separation (BSS) framework, in which sources are retrieved by maximizing the Kurtosis contrast function. Combined with the recently proposed reference-based contrast schemes, a new fast fixed-point (FastICA) algorithm is proposed for the case of linear and instantaneous mixture. Due to its quadratic dependence on the number of searched parameters, the main advantage of this new method consists in the significant decrement of computational speed, which is particularly striking with large number of samples. The method is essentially similar to the classical algorithm based on the Kurtosis contrast function, but differs in the fact that the reference-based idea is utilized. The validity of this new method was demonstrated by simulations.

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Keywords: Blind source separation, FastICA, reference-based contrast functions, kurtosis contrast function

S. H. Alvi, S. Wyne [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
On Amplify-and-Forward Relaying Over Hyper-Rayleigh Fading Channels

Relayed transmission holds promise for the next generation of wireless communication systems due to the performance gains it can provide over non-cooperative systems. Recently hyper-Rayleigh fading, which represents fading conditions more severe than Rayleigh fading, has received attention in the context of many practical communication scenarios. Though power allocation for Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relaying networks has been studied in the literature, a theoretical analysis of the power allocation problem for hyper-Rayleigh fading channels is a novel contribution of this work. We develop an optimal power allocation (OPA) strategy for a dual-hop AF relaying network in which the relay-destination link experiences hyper-Rayleigh fading. A new closed-form expression for the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at destination is derived and it is shown to provide a new upper-bound on the average SNR at destination, which outperforms a previously proposed upper-bound based on the well-known harmonic-geometric mean inequality. An OPA across the source and relay nodes, subject to a sum-power constraint, is proposed and it is shown to provide measurable performance gains in average SNR and SNR outage at the destination relative to the case of equal power allocation.

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Keywords: Relayed communications, hyper-Rayleigh fading, amplify-and-forward, power-allocation

M. Lin, H.Wei, J. Ouyang, K. An, C. Yuan [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Performance Analysis of a Dual-Hop Cooperative Relay Network with Co-Channel Interference

This paper analyzes the performance of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative relay network in the presence of direct link between the source and destination and multiple co-channel interferences (CCIs) at the relay. Specifically, we derive the new analytical expressions for the moment generating function (MGF) of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) and the average symbol error rate (ASER) of the relay network. Computer simulations are given to confirm the validity of the analytical results and show the effects of direct link and interference on the considered AF relay network.

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Keywords: Amplify-and-forward, cooperative relay network, co-channel interference, performance analysis.

R. Bortel, P. Sovka [references] [full-text] [Download Citations]
Invariance of the Null Distribution of the Multiple Coherence

In this paper we investigate the invariance of the null distribution of the multiple coherence (MC) to the statistics of the examined signals. We show that when the MC is computed between a group of signals x_i[n], i=1,...,K and a signal y[n], the null distribution of the MC is independent of the distribution of x_i[n] and y[n] if at a given frequency the joint distribution of the spectra of the segments of x_i[n] and y[n] is rotationally symmetric with respect to the rotation of the spectra of the segments of x_i[n] or y[n]. The significance of this result lies in the improvement of the multiple coherence analysis. Hitherto, the null distribution of the MC was known only for signals with the multivariate Gaussian distribution; therefore, an MC estimate could be evaluated for its statistical significance only in this limited case. With the results presented in this paper, it will be possible to evaluate the statistical significance of MC estimates for much wider class of signals.

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Keywords: Multiple coherence, null distribution, invariance