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Radioengineering

Radioeng

Proceedings of Czech and Slovak Technical Universities

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December 2020, Volume 29, Number 4 [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020-4]

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D. Sayad, C. Zebiri , I. Elfergani , J. Rodriguez , R. Abd-Alhameed, F. Benabdelaziz [references] [full-text] [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020.0591] [Download Citations]
Analysis of Chiral and Achiral Medium Based Coplanar Waveguide Using Improved Full Generalized Exponential Matrix Technique

In this work, an analytical study of the electromagnetic propagation in a complex medium-based suspended three-layer coplanar waveguide (CPW) is carried out. The study aims at a numerical calculation of the dominant hybrid mode complex propagation constant in the CPW printed on a bianisotropic substrate. The herein considered bianisotropy is characterized by full 3×3 tensors of permittivity, permeability and magnetoelectric parameters. The study is based on the numerical derivation of the Green's functions of such a complex medium in the spectral domain. The study is carried out using the Full Generalized Exponential Matrix Technique based on matrix-shaped compact mathematical formulations. The Spectral Method of Moments (SMoM) and the Galerkin's procedure are used to solve the resulting homogeneous system of equations. The effect of the chiral and achiral bianisotropy on the complex propagation constant is particularly investigated. Good agreements with available data for an anisotropic-medium-based suspended CPW structure are achieved. Various cases of chiral and achiral bianisotropy have been investigated, and particularly, the effect on the dispersion characteristics is presented and compared with cases of isotropic and bianisotropic Tellegen media.

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Keywords: CPW, chiral and achiral, Tellegen, full-GEMT, complex propagation constant

A. Ghaffar, W. A. Awan, A. Zaidi, N. Hussain, S. M. Rizvi, X. J. Li [references] [full-text] [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020.0601] [Download Citations]
Compact Ultra Wide-Band and Tri-Band Antenna for Portable Device

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) and triband patch antenna with the partial ground plane is presented in this paper. Initially, the antenna is designed for UWB applications, operating at the UWB portion of the spectrum ranging from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, then it is modified to operate at three distinct frequencies of 2.45 GHz, 5 GHz, and 10.2 GHz. The proposed antenna is inspired by a classic rectangular patch antenna in which slots, stubs, and defected ground structure (DGS) were introduced to increase its operational bandwidth. Good results in terms of return loss are found in all resonant frequencies as well as for the single wideband. In addition, the proposed antenna has been compared with related works in the literature, to highlight its potential for future UWB and multiband portable devices.

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Keywords: Compact size, UWB, triple-band, low profile antenna, DGS

R. K. Barik, Q. S. Cheng, N. C. Pradhan, S. S. Karthikeyan [references] [full-text] [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020.0609] [Download Citations]
Design of Miniaturized SIW Filter Loaded with Open-Loop Resonators and Its Application to Diplexer

This paper presents a novel design of miniaturized substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filter loaded with a pair of unit-cell resonators. Two identical open-loop resonators are connected face-to-face to form a unit-cell. A pair of unit-cells is engraved on the surface of the SIW to develop an evanescent-mode bandpass filter. The proposed unit-cells behave as an electric-dipole and produce a passband smaller than the waveguide frequency. This reduction in resonant frequency allows us to achieve size miniaturization. An equivalent electrical-circuit model is developed and investigate for characterization of passband and transmission-zero. This filter structure is then employed to develop a SIW planar diplexer. Two SIW filter structures loaded with unit-cells are excited with a T-shaped feed line to achieve lower and upper channels of the diplexer. To demonstrate the analysis, both SIW filter and diplexer loaded with open-loop resonators are implemented and fabricated. The proposed SIW filter and diplexer prototypes exhibit size miniaturization, low insertion-loss and high-selectivity due to evanescent-mode transmission and sub-wavelength resonators. The measurement responses are very similar to the simulation responses.

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Keywords: SIW, filter, diplexer, open-loop resonators

D. M. Luong, X. N. Tran [references] [full-text] [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020.0617] [Download Citations]
An Independently Biased 3-stacked GaN HEMT Power Amplifier for Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems

In this paper, a design of 3-stacked GaN highelectron-mobility transistor radio-frequency power amplifier employing an independently biased technique is presented to meet stringent requirements of next-generation wireless communication systems. The ability of independently adjusting operation conditions for each transistor of the proposed amplifier makes it possible to operate not only for high efficiency, high linearity but also for both improved efficiency and linearity. Efficiency can be optimized through varying drain bias voltages. Linearity, however, can be optimized independently through varying gate bias voltages. Importantly, both efficiency and linearity can be optimized simultaneously by making a compromise between drain and gate bias voltages. In contrast to conventional methods, the proposed configuration still ensures a compact size for design of the power amplifier. This can be feasible because the proposed solution is introduced in the device level using a MMIC technology. These superior advantages make the proposed PA a promising candidate for using in transceiver of the next-generation wireless communications systems.

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Keywords: Power amplifier, GaN HEMT, independently biased, IMD3, linearity, efficiency

F. Akram, I. Rashid, A. Ghafoor, A. M. Siddiqui [references] [full-text] [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020.0625] [Download Citations]
Coherence Optimized Channel Estimation for Mm-Wave Massive MIMO

Mm-wave MIMO communication makes a hybrid combination of analog RF and digital baseband processing more attractive, where digital baseband precoders/combiners able to adapt to the pre-defined analog (switch based) RF processors. Non-uniform two-dimensional quantized azimuth and elevation angle grid antenna array responses are suggested for uniform planar array (UPA) and are proven orthogonal. Training vectors (or sensing matrix) are designed for suggested antenna array response with unitary RF processing for UPA in mm-wave hybrid MIMO system. Proposed training vectors achieve minimized total coherence of the equivalent sensing matrix for hybrid MIMO system. Open-loop channel estimation of the mm-wave channel is done by using iterative re-weight based super resolution algorithm to exploit its sparse nature. Extensive simulations reveal the benefit of coherence optimization where normalized mean squared error is reduced and spectral efficiency is improved in comparison to existing methods.

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Keywords: Channel estimation, compressed sensing, hybrid MIMO, mm-wave communication, sparse channel.

A. Bastani, F. Ahouz [references] [full-text] [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020.0636] [Download Citations]
High Capacity and Secure Watermarking for Medical Images Using Tchebichef Moments

Using Tchebichef Moments, this study has introduced a new method for imperceptible watermarking of the medical images with a high embedding capacity and robustness against the various attacks. The suggested method applies conditional quantization based on dither modulation to minimize the number of the moment orders that need to be changed. Reduction of modified moments increases the watermark imperceptibility and hence decreases the attacks probability. The proposed method has been examined in the presence of such factors as quantization step and watermark size. Experimental results show that average PSNR is 53.91 dB for 16384 embedding watermark bits. Moreover, the introduced algorithm has been tested for known attacks like scaling, cropping, noise, etc. It has been shown that our proposed method has proper security and robustness against various attacks. In addition, zero false positive rate on non-watermarked images has been obtained.

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  21. CEDILLO-HERNANDEZ, M., CEDILLO-HERNANDEZ, A., NAKANO-MIYATAKE, M., et al. Improving the management of medical imaging by using robust and secure dual watermarking. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 2020, vol. 56, p. 1–16. DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2019.101695

Keywords: Medical image, digital watermarking, Tchebichef moments, dither modulation

S. Chatterjee, R. Baishya, B. Tiru [references] [full-text] [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020.0644] [Download Citations]
Estimating the Characteristics of the Forward Voltage Gain Scattering Parameter of Indoor Power Line Channel Using Only Input Port Measurement

Estimation of the characteristics of power line channel is a pre-requisite for successful implementation of any power line communication system. This paper presents a method to estimate the forward voltage gain scattering parameters (S21) of an indoor power line using only the input port reflection coefficient (S11). The measured input parameter with one/two load placed at the output suffices to estimate the S21 as far as frequency selectivity is concerned. The positions of notches can be estimated within a limit of error with positive and at times high correlation between the experimental and evaluated S21 parameters. The method is validated for a number of practical networks, and also for random channels with different types of loads and cables found in the papers. The procedure can be incorporated in estimating the channel for mitigating the related problems.

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Keywords: Power line communication, two port networks, scattering matrices, frequency selectivity

Q. Hussain, S. Sohaib [references] [full-text] [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020.0654] [Download Citations]
Full Duplex Relaying in Non Orthogonal Multiple Access System with Advanced Successive Interference Cancellation

This paper describes a full-duplex (FD) cooperative non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system with dedicated relay under residual self-interference (RSI). An advanced successive interference cancellation (ASIC) technique is proposed in the FD cooperative NOMA system as an alternate of successive interference cancellation (SIC) scheme. The ASIC scheme maps the received signal into subgroups and by applying conventional SIC scheme on each subgroup results in separation of signals. The approximated analytical expressions of outage probability and ergodic sum rate for proposed ASIC based FD DF cooperative NOMA system are derived and the system throughput is analyzed. Finally, according to the results, our proposed ASIC based FD DF cooperative NOMA system shows better outage performance and higher ergodic sum rate as compared to conventional SIC based FD DF cooperative NOMA system.

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Keywords: Advanced successive interference cancellation, full duplex, non orthogonal multiple access, residual selfinterference

E. A. Shams, A. H. Ulusoy, A. Rizaner [references] [full-text] [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020.0664] [Download Citations]
Performance Analysis and Comparison of Anomaly-based Intrusion Detection in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

Security and safety applications of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) are developed to improve the traffic flow. While safety applications in VANETs provide warnings and information for the vehicle and other units in the area, malicious behaviors can render this very purpose meaningless. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are key features for identifying the presence of faulty or malicious behaviors. Support Vector Machine (SVM) is an efficient tool for anomaly detection and it can be employed for intrusion detection based on the metrics of a known attack or normal behavior. Dropping and or delaying network packets are two of the most common variants among other methods in Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. Hence an IDS which can detect both variants can detect similar types of DoS attacks. The result of the study is obtained by designing and implementing an SVM detection module into computer-generated simulation, which depicts a successful outcome in detection of mentioned DoS attack variants.

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Keywords: Vehicular ad hoc networks, support vector machines, denial of service attack, intrusion detection, machine learning

K. Zyka [references] [full-text] [DOI: 10.13164/re.2020.0672] [Download Citations]
The Influence of the Bitrate Level on the Subjective Sound Quality Perception of the Concatenated Non-Entropic Audio Coding Algorithms in the Digital Broadcasting Chain

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) and all similar systems for digital radio and television broadcasting are inevitably associated with lossy psychoacoustic audio compression. The coding algorithms are continuously being improved. To achieve high sound quality a lower bitrate, required by the broadcasters, is now sufficient. This paper compares the relevant digital audio codecs: MPEG 2 and AAC in three profiles (AAC LC, HE-AAC v1 and HE-AAC v2). The well-known MP3 format is also added for a better comparison. A brief description of the basic functional principles of the codecs is followed by a comparison of their efficiency keeping in mind the subjectively comparable sound quality. The main contribution of this paper is the verification of the relationship of the bitrate level and sound quality in broadcasting environment and the finding out the influence of other, often more significant factors, such as the primary quality of the input recordings and the concatenation of non-entropic coding, on the subjective perception in the digital broadcasting chain. These findings are supported by the results of a unique research analysis providing an insight into which specific audio encoding configurations are used for DAB+ radio broadcasting in practice, in Europe as a whole and in individual European countries.

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Keywords: DAB+, Digital Audio Broadcasting, psychoacoustic compression, coding, MPEG, MP3, AAC, HE-AAC, Spectral Band Replication, Parametric Stereo